Análise de métodos de identificação humana para diferenciação de gêmeos monozigóticos: revisão de literatura / Analysis of human identification methods for differentiating monozygotic twins: a literature review

Devido à dificuldade de diferenciação entre gêmeos monozigóticos (GM) e as limitações existentes nos métodos, decorrentes das influências e similaridades genéticas, ambientais e faciais, a busca por métodos confiáveis que possam distinguir esses indivíduos geneticamente idênticos torna-se de grande importância para o campo forense. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura do tipo narrativa a respeito dos métodos que ofereçam segurança para diferenciação entre GM. Constatou-se que a análise de pontos característicos individuais na impressão datiloscópicas e plantares, desenvolvimento dental, impressão labial, rugoscopia palatina, medidas faciais antropométricas, biometria ocular e por impressão vocal, padrões de cristas das unhas e de veias, seio frontal e impressão da língua são métodos eficazes para a identificação de GM. Ainda, superando a análise convencional de DNA, surgiu a análise genética por meio das variações sequenciais do genoma, denominado de Massively Parallel Sequencing que tornou possível distinguir gêmeos monozigóticos. Além dos métodos primários de identificação humana que permitem a diferenciação de GM, como a papiloscopia e odontologia, diversos métodos para diferenciação de GM estão descritos na literatura, e cada qual possui suas vantagens e limitações no sentido de propiciar ao perito a melhor informação no sentido de que GM sejam adequadamente diferenciados

A number of limitations can be found in the methods in identifying monozygotic twins (MT) due to genetic influences, facial and environmental similarities, the search for reliable methods to identify genetically identical individuals has become a great importance for Forensic Science. The objective of this work was to conduct a literature review in search of methods that offer attested identification among MT. It was found that the analysis of individual characteristic points in fingerprint and plantar impressions, dental development, lip impression, palatal rugoscopy, anthropometric facial measurements, ocular and voice impression biometry, patterns of nail ridges and veins, sinus Front and tongue print are effective methods for MT identification. Also, surpassing the conventional analysis of DNA, genetic analysis emerged through the sequential variations of the genome, called Massively Parallel Sequencing, which made it possible to distinguish monozygotic twins. In addition to the primary methods of human identification that allow the differentiation of MT, such as papiloscopy and dentistry, several methods for differentiating MT are described in the literature, and each one has its advantages and limitations in the sense of providing the expert with the best information in terms of that GM are properly differentiated

As mudanças no processo de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / The changes in work process of community health agent in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: analisar as mudanças no processo de trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, em meio ao cenário da pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: caracteriza-se por um estudo documental, quantitativo, do tipo ecológico, de série temporal. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica. As variáveis do estudo tratam-se de dados referentes às atividades do Agente Comunitário de Saúde quanto às atividades coletivas, visitas domiciliares e os indicadores de desempenho elencados pelo sistema. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS versão 24.0, por meio de um cálculo do percentual de variação (%V) entre os anos coletados. Logo após, foi realizado o Teste T de Student para verificar diferenças estatisticamente relevantes entre os anos avaliados (p<0,05). Resultados: quanto às atividades coletivas, houve redução significativa (p<0,001) de 51,1% entre os anos. As visitas domiciliares também apresentaram uma diminuição do percentual de variação (18,6%); já os indicadores de desempenho não demonstraram significativas mudanças. Conclusões: diante do estudado, as ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde foram as mais prejudicadas nesse cenário, sendo necessário um maior empenho do Poder Público para a melhoria desses indicadores.

Objective: to analyze the changes in the work process of the Community Health Agent, of the Family Health Strategy, between 2019 and 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic scenario. Methods: characterized by a documentary, quantitative, ecological study, with a time series. Data were collected from the database of the Health Information System for Primary Care. The study variables are data referring to the activities of the Community Health Agent regarding collective activities, home visits, and the performance indicators listed by the system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, by calculating the percentage of variation (%V) between the years collected. Soon after, the Student's T-test was performed to verify statistically relevant differences between the evaluated years (p<0.05). Results: regarding collective activities, there was a significant reduction (p<0.001) of 51.1% between the years. Home visits also showed a decrease in the percentage of variation (18.6%); performance indicators did not show significant changes. Conclusions:given the study, prevention, and health promotion actions were the most affected in this scenario, requiring greater efforts by the Government to improve these indicators.

Use of Medicines by Infants with Microcephaly Caused by Congenital Zika Virus Infection and Implications to Oral Health

Abstract Objective: To analyze the use of continued-use medications by Brazilian children with microcephaly caused by Congenital Zika Virus Infection. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 76 children of both genders. Information on age, use of continued-use medications, number and type of drugs used was collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Continued-use medications were used by 89.4% of the children, anticonvulsants / antiepileptics (88.1%), and those indicated for behavioral disorders (27.1%) were the most frequent. Sodium saccharin, sucrose, and sorbitol are the most common sugars in the composition of these drugs. Conclusion: The use of medicines is high, predominantly anticonvulsants and antiepileptics, which contain sugars in their composition. These drugs can lead to irreversible dental problems, such as tooth decay if proper oral hygiene is not present. Therefore, parents/guardians should be advised about adopting healthy oral hygiene habits after the administration of these drugs.

Chronology of the First Deciduous Tooth Eruption in Brazilian Children with Microcephaly Associated with Zika Virus: A Longitudinal Study

Objective: To analyze the chronology of first deciduous tooth eruption in children with microcephaly associated with presumed or confirmed Zika virus. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was developed with 74 children of both sexes. Data on prematurity, gestational age (in weeks), anthropometric characteristics at birth [length (cm), weight (g) and cephalic perimeter (cm)] and dental eruption (chronological age and corrected age for prematurity in months) were collected and presented through descriptive statistics. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The majority of children were female (54.1%) and 14.9% were born premature. The mean gestational age was 38.2 (± 1.9) weeks, while length, weight and cephalic perimeter at birth were 45.6 (± 3.1) cm, 2750 (± 526.6) and 30 (± 2.3) cm, respectively. The eruption of the first tooth occurred on average at 12.3 (± 3.0) months of chronological age and at 11.1 (± 2.3) months of corrected age. The first erupted teeth were the lower deciduous central incisors (82.4%). The mean age for dental eruption in males was 12.5 months (± 3.0) and in females 12.0 months (± 3.1) among full-term children. For premature infants, the mean corrected age of dental eruption was 11.5 months (± 3.4) for boys and 11 months (± 1.7) for girls. Conclusion: In this group of children with microcephaly, the first tooth to erupt was the lower central incisor around the first year of life. Girls had lower average eruption time when compared to boys in both chronological age and age corrected for prematurity.

Radiographic evaluation of the dental condition of elderly people treated at a Brazilian public university

AIM: To assess the dental status of elderly patients examined in the clinical dentistry course of a Brazilian public university. METHODS: An observational and descriptive study based on the analysis of panoramic radiographs. The sample consisted of 60 elderly patients who met the inclusion criteria. Two observers who had been trained in appropriate conditions performed the radiographic analysis. Data were stored in a specific form, recorded in a database and analyzed using descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and variability) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square analysis and calculation of the Cramer's V coefficient). RESULTS: Most patients had at least one tooth in the oral cavity (71.7%), while 28.3% were totally edentulous, an average of 10.5 teeth per individual. The average number of teeth was 11.36 in males and 9.89 in females. The number of healthy teeth was 328 (5.47 per patient). In this study, 88.3% of the subjects had periodontal bone loss, with prevalence of moderate (35.0%) and severe (28.3%) bone loss. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high incidence of edentulous individuals, the high number of restored teeth and poor periodontal conditions, it is concluded that the overall oral health status of the evaluated elderly subjects is poor.

Perception of oral health by patients who use dental clinics / Percepção de saúde bucal em pacientes usuários de clínica odontológica

Introduction: The use of clinical indicators to evaluate oral health status and the need for treatment is recognized as having limitations, and nowadays other factors, among them social and quality of life, have been used. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-perception of oral health in adults using the Dental clinics at a public university. Methodology: This cross-sectional study had a sample of 86 participants. A questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data and application of the GOHAI index were used. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with absolute and percentage data, using the Epi Info. version 6 software program. Result: The majority of users were women (89.7 %); marital status: married (69.8 %); age-range from 35 to 38 years (39.6 %), they had completed high school (32.6 %), and had a monthly income from 1 to 3 minimum wages (79.1 %). Results of the GOHAI index were classified as low, presenting a score value of 27.06. Conclusion: A low index and negative impact of oral health conditions on the daily lives of the evaluated users was verified.

Introdução: O uso de indicadores clínicos para avaliar o estado de saúde bucal e a necessidade de tratamento é reconhecido como tendo limitações, atualmente têm sido utilizados outros fatores entre eles os sociais e a qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação da autopercepção da saúde bucal, em adultos usuários das clínicas de Odontologia de uma universidade pública. Metodologia: O estudo do tipo transversal teve uma amostra de 86 participantes. Foram utilizados um questionário, constando dos dados sócio demográficos, e a aplicação do índice GOHAI. A análise estatística foi descritiva, com dados absolutos e percentuais, através do programa Epi Info. versão 6. Resultado: A maioria dos usuários era composta por mulheres (89,7 %), com estado civil de casadas (69,8 %), na faixa etária de 35 a 38 anos (39,6 %), tinham ensino médio completo (32,6 %), com renda mensal de 1 a 3 salários mínimos (79,1 %). O resultado do índice GOHAI foi classificado como baixo, apresentando valor do escore de 27,06. Conclusão: Foi verificado um baixo índice e impacto negativo das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária dos usuários avaliados.

Abordagem odontológica de pacientes com risco de endocardite: um estudo de intervenção / Approach of dental patients with risk of endocarditis: an intervention study

Determinar a percepção dos Cirurgiões-dentistas da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Campina Grande-PB na abordagem de pacientes com risco de endocardite bacteriana.Material e método: foi um estudo de intervenção “antes e após”, no qual participaram 33 profissionais. Utilizou-se um formulário semi-estruturado contendo 6 questões sobre o assunto, aplicados em dois momentos, antes e após palestra informativa, sendo esta etapa realizada após 30 dias. O teste estatístico usado foi o McNemar com o nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: de uma maneira geral, os profissionais tinham conhecimento do conceito da endocardite, sendo este elevado após palestra (97% x 100%). O percentual de profissionais que interage com os médicos foi alto e não se alterou após a palestra (72,7%). O regime profilático foi descrito corretamente, nas duas etapas da pesquisa por 39,4% e 90,9%, respectivamente, dos profissionais. As condições necessárias para a administração de antimicrobianos foi elevada de 48,5% para 90%, no segundo questionamento.Conclusão: a palestra informativa aumentou o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre o assunto, e, a universidade, como formadora de opinião deve participar da educação continuada dos profissionais contribuindo para a resolução de nós críticos vivenciados pelos serviços locais de saúde...

Determine the perception of dentists of the Family Health Strategy Program (Federal Government) in Campina Grande-PB in the approach to patients with risk for bacterial endocarditis. Methodology: it was a "before and after" intervention study in which 33 professionals were interviewed. We used a semi-structured questionnaire containing 14 questions on the subject, applied on two occasions, before and after an informative lecture, this step being performed after 30 days. The statistical test used was the McNemar test with a significance level of 5%. Results: in general, professionals were aware of the concept of endocarditis, which was higher after the lecture (97% versus 100%). The percentage of professionals who interacted with doctors was high and did not change after the lecture (72.7%). The prophylactic regimen was described properly in both interviews, by 39.4% and 90.9% of respondents, respectively. The needed conditions for the administration of antibiotics was increased from 48.5% to 90%. Conclusion: the informative lecture increased the knowledge of professionals on the subject and the university, as an opinion maker, must participate in continuing education of professionals contributing to the resolution of critical problems experienced by local health services...

Percepção de acadêmicos de odontologia sobre maus-tratos na infância / Perception of students of dentistry on abuse in childhood

Objetivo: verificar a percepção de acadêmicos do 4º e 5º ano de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual daParaíba acerca dos maus-tratos infantis. Metodologia: O estudo foi do tipo quantitativo, descritivo, de corte transversal, no qual se utilizou um questionário auto-aplicável semi-estrututado em 91 alunos, no períodode março a junho de 2010. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria dos acadêmicos soube definir os maus-tratos infantis adequadamente (65,4%), porém nenhum acadêmico soube classificar corretamente;foram pouco apontados os seus sinais/ sintomas bucais (31,4%); a maioria da amostra soube informara conduta a ser adotada diante de casos de maus-tratos infantis (83,3%); a maior parte dos acadêmicos teve pouco contato com o tema maus-tratos infantis durante a sua formação universitária (34,1%); grande parte dos pesquisados possuía interesse de aprender sobre o assunto (95,6%). Conclusão: de uma forma geral, houve uma percepção razoável dos acadêmicos pesquisados sobre maus-tratos infantis.

Objective: To verify the perception of students in 4th and 5th year of Dentistry of State University ofParaiba about child abuse. Methods: The study was quantitative, descriptive, cross sectional, and useda self-administered semi-structured questionnaire in 91 students in the period from March to June2010. Results: It was observed that most students knew how to define child abuse properly (65.4%), butnone of them knew the correct classification; mouth signs/symptoms were rarely appointed (31.4%);the majority of the sample knew how to inform the approach to be used in cases of child abuse (83.3%);most of the students had little contact with the child abuse theme during their undergraduate course(34.1%); the majority of respondents had interest in learning about the subject (95.6%). Conclusions: in general, there was a reasonable perception of the academics surveyed about child abuse.